This paper outlines the grounds on which people may claim complementary protection in the European Union, United States and Canada, and the appeal processes available at each stage of the determination process. It also sets out additional types of claims that may be made, such as humanitarian and compassionate claims, although these do not technically constitute complementary protection since they are not based on States' international legal obligations.
The Refugee Studies Centre, University of Oxford, has launched its third Policy Briefing on /Statelessness, Protection and Equality/ by Professor Brad K. Blitz (Human and Political Geography, Kingston University and RSC Research Associate). This briefing provides a typology of stateless people and contexts, reviews, relevant international law and jurisprudence, and assesses the links between nationality and the protection of human rights. It gives recommendations for reducing and eliminating statelessness in the future.