African Centre for Migration and Society, University of the Witwatersrand
Journal of Refugee Studies 24(1): 1-22.
English
Drawing on data from four African cities, this article argues that the primary determinants of urban protection have less to do with direct assistance and policy frameworks than individuals’ choices and positions in social and institutional networks. It demonstrates that legal status is neither consistently associated with particular migration histories nor a reliable predictor of effective protection. Furthermore, it finds that on aggregate, displaced people are not the most vulnerable urban residents.
Sussex centre for migration research, university of sussex
Journal of refugee studies (2010) 23(3), 273-293
English
Long and dangerous ‘fragmented journeys’ have become a common feature of global migration systems. These are more than simple responses to stricter migration controls and are associated with related developments in technology and communications. They are therefore a structural change in migration systems which require a re-examination of the ways in which protection is offered to migrants.
This paper outlines the grounds on which people may claim complementary protection in the European Union, United States and Canada, and the appeal processes available at each stage of the determination process. It also sets out additional types of claims that may be made, such as humanitarian and compassionate claims, although these do not technically constitute complementary protection since they are not based on States' international legal obligations.